To ensure safety, earthing can be done by connecting the electrical appliance to earthing systems or electrodes placed near the soil or below the ground level.

The electrode or earthing mat equipped with a flat iron riser is installed under the ground level. It helps to connect all the non-current-carrying metallic parts of the equipment.

No

Pipe earthing.

No. The value of the leakage current depends on the following five parameters:

• Rated voltage of the Lightning/Surge Arrester
• OEM’s design parameters
• Ambient temperature
• Absorption/entry of moisture, and
• Entry of solid micro particles.

Even if you aren’t grounding the hardware on the roof, and just using a surge arrester, that arrester will need to be grounded. This is typically easier, as it can be done at ground level, and done near an existing ground to make wiring easier.